What is gastroenteritis?

Gastroenteritis is defined as an inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, which includes both the stomach and the intestines. This condition is typically caused by a viral or bacterial infection, leading to symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and cramping. The gastrointestinal tract plays a crucial role in digestion and nutrient absorption, and inflammation in this area disrupts these functions, leading to the characteristic symptoms of gastroenteritis.

The focus on inflammation highlights the immune response to infection, emphasizing that it is not merely an infection itself but a result of the body reacting to pathogens in the gastrointestinal tract. Understanding that gastroenteritis affects both the stomach and intestines is key to recognizing its potential systemic effects, such as dehydration, especially in vulnerable populations like children and the elderly.